Grain processing industry research and prospect analysis
How big is the market for the grain processing industry?
Grain processing refers to the business activities of converting raw grain into semi-finished grain, finished grain, or converting semi-finished grain into finished grain through processing. Grain processing mainly includes: rice milling; wheat flour milling; processing of corn and miscellaneous grains; extraction, refining and processing of vegetable oils; production of plant protein products and starch processing; grain and oil food processing with rice and flour as the main raw material; grain and oil processing by-products comprehensive utilization.
Food grains such as white rice, rice flour, wheat flour, corn flour, corn grits, sorghum rice, millet and various starches are the endosperm part of cereals and are the basic raw materials for making food. The processing method is mainly dry method, and a few use wet method. Food is the main source of calories required by the human body. The main grains in the world are rice, wheat, rye, sorghum, corn and millet. In addition to rye, China produces all these grains, with the larger outputs being rice, wheat, corn and sorghum. Grains other than rice and wheat are usually called coarse grains. The chemical composition of grains varies with variety, soil, climate and cultivation techniques.
Analysis on the development status of grain processing industry
The level of processing continues to improve. The quality and performance of grain processing equipment continue to improve. The technical equipment of large enterprises has generally reached the international leading level, and domestic equipment in some fields has reached the international advanced level, and occupies certain markets in Southeast Asia, Africa, Central Asia, etc. According to estimates, the post-production loss rate of grain in my country is about 15.7%, of which 5.7% is in storage and transportation, 3.7% in processing, and 6.3% is lost during consumption. The proportion of processing losses has dropped to a low level. The three major grains can basically be "eaten and squeezed" during the processing process and fully utilized.
The level of moderate processing needs to be improved. With the improvement of living standards, consumers have the misunderstanding of over-pursuing "fine rice and fine noodles". In recent years, more than 90% of the rice supplied in the Chinese market is rice (polished rice) with an accuracy of more than one meter. The sum of special first flour and special second flour (fine flour) in flour exceeds 70%. Wheat core flour is processed with higher precision. , snowflake powder and other products are also expanding their market share. Excessive pursuit of refined rice and fine noodles, on the one hand, results in the loss of a large amount of dietary fiber, vitamins and other nutrients, on the other hand, it increases energy consumption and reduces the production rate.
The government will encourage and guide the mergers and reorganizations of large enterprises, promote joint collaboration between upstream and downstream companies, cultivate well-known brands, and improve core competitiveness. At the same time, support small and medium-sized grain and oil processing enterprises in strengthening the construction of quality integrity systems, improving product quality, and enhancing market competitiveness. Following the principles of focusing on production areas, taking into account sales areas and giving due consideration to important grain and oil logistics nodes, we will realize the base, scale, standardization and intensification of the grain and oil processing industry. At the same time, we will eliminate backward production capacity and compress and divert excess production capacity.
Taking rice as an example, if processed appropriately, the yield rate of japonica rice is about 70%, and that of indica rice is about 68%. According to surveys, the average rice yield rate of japonica rice in my country is about 65%, and that of indica rice is about 63%. Applying moderate processing and production technology, the rice yield can be increased by 3% to 5%, and one ton of rice can increase the rice output by 30 to 50 kilograms. Based on 6 yuan per kilogram of rice, the benefit can be increased by 180 yuan to 300 yuan per ton. Calculated based on the processing volume of 159 million tons of edible rice in 2019, the rice output can be increased by 4.7 million tons to 7.9 million tons. Calculated with an output of 470 kilograms per mu, it is equivalent to increasing the rice production of approximately 10 million mu to 16 million mu of cultivated land.
Promote the development of comprehensive rice processing bases in major rice-producing areas such as the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Northeast China; form high-quality dedicated wheat flour, whole wheat flour and comprehensive utilization and processing bases of by-products in major wheat-producing areas such as North China, East China, and Northwest China. Actively develop corn foods and strictly control the production capacity expansion and grain consumption growth of corn deep processing enterprises. In the main producing areas of cereals and potatoes such as Northeast China, North China, and Central and Western China, a number of processing bases will be established to improve the processing scale and technical level, and accelerate the development of traditional cereals and convenience foods. Give full play to the advantages of genetically modified soybeans in Northeast Africa, improve the construction level of the local soybean oil processing industry belt, guide the integration of resources, and improve production efficiency; strictly control soybean crushing and leaching projects, reasonably control the scale of rapeseed oil processing capacity along the Yangtze River, and promote corporate mergers and reorganizations , Promote the aggregation of resources to advantageous enterprises.